Photodynamic inheritance from methylene blue to carbon dots against reduction, aggregation, and DNA interference

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses light-sensitive drugs and light source to destroy cancer cells. Methylene blue (MB) an efficient photosensitizing agent has been widely used in PDT. However, MB suffers from the hypochromic effect caused by self-aggregation DNA binding vivo. It also easily reduced ineffective leucomethylene hypoxic environments surrounding solid tumors. In this work, we prepared carbon dots (MB-CDs) using as source. The MB-CDs not only inherit PDT capabilities of MB, but demonstrate good biocompatibility low toxicity. Importantly, excellent resistance interference reduction, aggregation, interactions. exhibited satisfactory activities both vitro tumor sizes were below 20% their original volumes when irradiated 590-nm light-emitting diode